Clinical Immunology & Microbiology Research

Abstract: Fibroadenoma of the breast is a benign tumor commonly seen in young women. It presents as a well-defined, painless, firm, and mobile lump in the breast. Fibroadenoma of the breast is the most common benign breast tumor, predominantly affecting women between 15 and 35 years of age, with an estimated prevalence of 9–10% in the general female population. It is a hormone-dependent tumor influenced by estrogen, progesterone, and growth factors, often presenting as a painless, mobile, well-defined lump. Diagnosis is confirmed through clinical examination, ultrasonography (USG), and histopathology when necessary. While small fibroadenomas (<2 cm) may regress spontaneously, larger or symptomatic cases require intervention, which traditionally includes watchful waiting, medical therapy (e.g., tamoxifen), or surgical excision. Conventional treatment often involves observation, surgical excision, or minimally invasive procedures. Homeopathic medicine, particularly Thuja occidentalis, has been found to play a significant role in treating fibroadenoma due to its deep-acting anti-proliferative and anti-sycotic properties. This retrospective study evaluates the efficacy of Thuja occidentalis in fibroadenoma management by analyzing past patient records. Medical records of female patients aged 15–40 years diagnosed with fibroadenoma and treated with Thuja occidentalis for at least one year were reviewed. Inclusion criteria included documented ultrasonography (USG) findings at baseline and follow-up, symptom progression, and prescribed potencies. Exclusion criteria included incomplete records, malignant or suspicious breast lumps, and cases requiring immediate surgical intervention. The primary outcome was fibroadenoma size reduction (based on serial USG reports), while secondary outcomes included symptomatic relief, changes in palpation findings, and overall patient satisfaction. This paper aims to explore the role of Thuja occidentalis in treating fibroadenoma of the breast, its sphere of action, and case studies highlighting its effectiveness.

Abstract: Pseudomonas tolaasii is a bacterium which affects the mushroom and springs the most common infection as bacterial blotch disease. It commonly occurs in summer-autumn time; the affected mushroom caps are covered with yellow-brown spots. In severe forms of infection these spots blowout the mushroom and become distorted, putrefied with obnoxious odour. Young pins affected by bacterial blotch disease, become brown and further growth is very rare. The scope and purpose of the study is to acquainted with the efficacy of Homoeopathic medicines in providing resistance to button mushrooms against bacterial blotch disease which infected by Pseudomonas tolaasii and to recognize among the selection of two medicines which was more efficient in providing resistance against bacterial blotch disease. Aconite Napellus was initiate to be effective and categorize the bacterial blotch disease which infected by Pseudomonas tolaasii. It bared amended and enhanced growth of mushroom bud for about five mm against Pseudomonas tolaasii. The approach of achievement for Aconite Napellus was more effective than Belladonna in handling bacterial blotch disease. Thus, Homoeopathic medicines plays a major role in rectifying the fungal infections caused by various pathogens and it promotes the farmer’s economic development by mushroom cultivation in numerous aspects of prosperous progressions.

Abstract: Dengue is a prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe. Dengue clinical manifestations include asymptomatic infections; undifferentiated fever; dengue fever, which is characterized by fever, headache, retro orbital pain, myalgia, and arthralgia; and a severe form of the disease denominated dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome, characterized by hemoconcentration, thrombocytopenia, and bleeding tendency. However, atypical manifestations, such as liver, central nervous system, respiratory, lymphoreticular and cardiac involvement, have been increasingly reported called expanded dengue syndrome. Thrombocytopenia usually gets better and platelet count normalizes by day 10 of fever. Chronic thrombocytopenia is not a feature of dengue fever. Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by low platelet count and skin-mucosal bleeding. It commonly affects adult female in an idiopathic and chronic manner. Thrombocytopenia associated with dengue viral infection seems to result in both from a reduction in the production of platelets from megakaryocytes and immune mediated destruction of platelets. Here we report a 30-year-old Bangladeshi lady who having persistent thrombocytopenia beyond two weeks of dengue illness who responded to steroid therapy on the line of immune thrombocytopenia after ruling out other common causes of thrombocytopenia. The report also highlights the value of monitoring platelet counts in post-recovery phase to ensure they have normalized

Abstract: Malaria is a parasitic infectious disease caused by a tiny parasite of the genus Plasmodium. Each of these types has its own specificities, either according to the reaction to medications or according to the location in the body after infection, but also according to the effects it has on human health.