Restorative dentistry is undergoing a fundamental transformation driven by the convergence of artificial intelligence, computer vision, and robotic actuation. This review examines how AI-powered robotics is redefining the entire restorative workflow from digital impression and treatment planning to tooth preparation, crown fabrication, and cementation. We analyze three key domains: (1) AI-driven digital dentistry, where deep learning automates margin detection, crown design, and occlusion analysis from intraoral scans, achieving accuracy comparable to expert technicians in seconds rather than hours; (2) robotic tooth preparation, where autonomous systems perform crown preps, inlays, and onlays with sub 100 µm precision, eliminating human tremor and fatigue; and (3) robotic crown placement, where computer vision and force torque sensing enable precise seating and cementation with real time feedback. We present the current state of robotic systems for restorative dentistry, including the Cerec system (intraoral scanning and chairside milling), the Yomi and Neocis platforms (implant focused, with restorative applications emerging), and research prototypes for autonomous crown preparation. While robotic preparation has been demonstrated in ex vivo studies, clinical translation remains limited by regulatory approval, cost, and the inherent complexity of restorative procedures (which require handling soft tissue, hemostasis, and unpredictable patient anatomy). We conclude that AI-powered robotics will initially augment, rather than replace, the restorative dentist handling preparation and fabrication while the clinician manages treatment planning, patient communication, and quality assurance. The transition from pixels (digital scans) to pulp (vital tissue) represents the next frontier in restorative dentistry.